Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Gendered Relations And Masculinity Is Influenced By Football

Gendered institutions influence everyone in a different way, but for the most part football influenced me the most as an individual. After locker room talks and before and after practices and football games, made me realize how gendered relations and masculinity is influenced by football. Like Messner mentions, â€Å"gender identity not as a ‘thing’ that people ‘have’ but as a process of construction that develops, and changes as a person interacts with the social world.† Football has always been engraved in being a male dominant sport due to the aggressiveness and the physicality of the sport so the majority of those initially involved with football is constantly trying to prove one s dominance in an act of masculinity. Throughout high school and the majority of my life football was a big influence on my gender. The biggest impact on me was during my junior year of high school, the fall of 2012. I was seventeen years old. Football made me and fellow teammates as masculine as an individual may be due to the game and all the things that you become accustomed to through football throughout one season. Playing football and all the time spent with my fellow teammates influenced me with the basic things in becoming masculine: men get girls, men are big and strong, men never show emotions, and men are always the dominant one. While I was in high school this was the way in which I acted to be masculine. You learn to not show weakness in front of teammates, because one might think youShow MoreRelatedAnth1321 Words   |  6 Pagesones environment, and is heavily influenced by the binary categories of â€Å"male† and â€Å"female† and heteronormativity. Even within non-normative spheres, these binary divisions appear, which segregate groups of individuals depending on where they fall within the spectrum. Travestis do no identify as females, but they carry out their lives as women, and have a special attachment to femininity. This identity is very complicated because it disrupts the current gendered dimorphic structure, which is inRead MoreMasculinity in the Media3136 Words   |  13 PagesMasculinity in Media This research looks at the association of masculinity with violence, racism, power and the objectification of women, which has been around since early civilization. This study also shows how these concepts are still evident today in the media. Masculinity in the media is portrayed as muscular, violent, angry, aggressive, dominant, and warrior like. The rhetoric in media, as it relates to masculinity, has influenced the amount of violence in the world. The associationRead MoreSocial Construction Of Gender And Free Flow Play9588 Words   |  39 Pageswas then compared and contrasted to identify any differences the types of play. Data was analysed through thematic analysis for both the group interview and the drawings. The results of the interviews identified 5 key themes: 1) girl-gendered type play 2) boy gendered-type play 3) perceptions on children’s chosen play 4) gender differences in play 5) toys at home. The results from the drawings analysis gave no further result. Gender differences were found during free-flow play. The social constructionRead MoreMasculinity in the Philippines12625 Words   |  51 Pagesphilippine studies Ateneo de Manila University †¢ Loyola Heights, Quezon City †¢ 1108 Philippines Philippine Commonwealth and Cult of Masculinity Alfred W. Mccoy Philippine Studies vol. 48, no. 3 (2000): 315–346 Copyright  © Ateneo de Manila University Philippine Studies is published by the Ateneo de Manila University. Contents may not be copied or sent via email or other means to multiple sites and posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s written permission. Users may download and printRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesContents ix Level 3: ‘We are a people-centred organization’ Level 4: The world of the management guru The human relations school as an example of neo-modernist organization theory How ‘human relations’ begins What is the human relations school? The human relations school develops The Hawthorne Studies as a classic example of applied organizational research within the human relations tradition The Relay Assembly Test Room The Bank Wiring Observation Room Research and the development of neo-modernist

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Privacy Is Utterly Dead By Peter Singer - 1257 Words

Privacy is Utterly Dead Peter Singer is the Ira W. DeCamp Professor at Princeton University and the University of Melbourne that studies Bioethics, Philosophy and Public Ethnics. This essay â€Å"Visible Man: Ethnics in a World without Secrets† focuses on transparency and personal privacy. One can see after reading this essay, Singer is in favor of openness, but he also notes that the government misuses these technologies. Privacy is defined â€Å"as the claim of individuals, groups to determine when, how and to what extent information about them is communicated to others†. Goldman explains surveillance as â€Å"a close observation of someone to catch them in wrongdoing† (326). Sousveillance is â€Å"recording of an activity from the perspective of everyday lifestyle† (â€Å"Sousveillance†). Before 9/11 the government respected individual privacy and acted accordingly by not spying on its citizens to the extent that it does so now. This makes one w onder; do American citizens really have a right to privacy? The answer to this is no. Because events like 9/11 have happened, the government now has the right to invade its citizen’s privacy by, preventing prejudices between authorities and citizens, installing security cameras and reading our social media accounts . Many believe the government has the right to invade our privacy, while others say we should have the right to our privacy. During the fourteenth century, people desired to be free from being observed or disturbed by other people. Someone

Monday, December 9, 2019

Economic Model of Japan in Post Second World War

Question: Write about theEconomic Model of Japan in Post Second World War. Answer: Japan was the most affected country in the Second World War. Hiroshima and Nagasaki was the most devastated but whole Japan was afflicted for this war. A considerable proportionate of industrial buildings and the machineries along them were destroyed. There were huge social consequences after this war such as starvation, chaos and unemployment. More than half of the housing accommodation of Japan was demolished. The allied powers tried to heal this devastating condition. Inspite of such devastation Japan was able to regain rand reconstruct its economic condition. This only happened due to the experiences obtained by the Japan during the war and also learning, and seeking about the economic model from rest of the world. The outline of this essay is about the characteristics and features of Japans post world war economic model. In this paragraph there is an in detail description about the sufferings of the people of Japan. The prime and foremost problem was unemployment. There were 7.6 million troops, which were demobilized. So, for this cause 4 million people became unemployed in military field. Moreover, 13.5 million people from outside of Japan were dismissed from the foreign countries and over all 13.1 million people lost their jobs. There was also curtailment in food and energy. The shortage of energy occurs due to the unavailability of coal because Koreans and Chinese people who worked in the coalmines did not want to continue further. The production of rice that was also limited and thus people have to starve for their staple food. The Japanese people became horrified, as there was no source of food and energy and panicked that they would die by the year 1946. Therefore, the people themselves started to work in the agriculture field and the coalmines (Capalbo Antle ed. , 2015). Another significant issue was inflation that is increase in expenses of important things. This has mainly happened because huge resources which were allocated for military purpose was circulated due to compensation purpose, advance payment, demobilized troops and others. Moreover, huge amount of money was spent on the war. This war was solved to an extent after the implementation of the Dodge Plan in 1948. After this, there started the process of Japans economic reconstruction. General Douglas Mac. Arthur who was the supreme commander of the Allied powers launched some reform policies, which disbanded the use of military troops. Thus, there was the establishment of the constitution in Japan in 1949 in which Japan surrendered his military rights and totally depended on U.S.A for its protection (Barnhart, 2013). After the post world war there started another war that is the Cold war between USA and USSR. The war was an ideological one. U.S.A supported the Capitalism ideology and USSR supported the Communist one. USA also feared that Chinas Communist would influence Japan and for this reason, USA supported Japan for solving their economic problems. The U.S. organized commercial treaties for Japan with countries like Philippines and others. In this paragraph, there are the three measures for which the Japans economy rose into prominence. The Dodge Plan in 1948, which was initiated by Joseph Dodge who was the president of the Detroit Bank, was mainly formulated to make Japan strong and self- dependent so that it did not have to take support from USA regarding military purpose. Dodge established three measures and policies to bring back the stability of Japan and to reduce inflation in Japan. These three measures were: a balanced and moderate budget, the adjournment of new loans from the Reconstruction Finance Bank and third measure was the curtailment and abolition of state subsidies. It was becoming impossible for Japan to regenerate its economy by following these principles but at that juncture, the beginning of the Korean War accelerated the economy of Japan. The Korean War totally changed the fate of Japan. The period of the Korean War was from 1950- 1951. Due to the onset of this war 34 % of world trade increased and many countries, including Japan was benefitted due to this. Japanese business a reached its boom due to 70 percent increases in production in different business firms. USAs military attainment deluged and it ordered Japan for production of military amenities that amounted to $2 billion in the years 1951-1953. Japans economy extraordinarily reached into the highest point (Welfield, 2013). Japans gross domestic product (GDP) in the late 1950s grew and developed at an average rate of 9.1% per year. Whereas in the 1960s the average rate of GDP was over 10 percent. On the other hand, the Korean War had accelerated the innovation in technology and in equipment industry. Japan was still lagging behind in implementing this type of technology, so they imported this knowledge of technology and increased the quantity of production and its scope. Hence, the overall growth in production stimulated the economic condition of Japan from a positive aspect. Finally Japan became independent from the interference of all the Allied Powers with the signing of the Japanese- American- Security Pact Act in 1958. There are certain factors for which Japan grew so fast in terms of economy. The first factor is the powerful Central Government Bureaucracy. The Civil servants who worked in the Ministry of International Trade and Industry ( MITI) worked collaboratively with business organizations and also motivated the people of this country to progress and advance financially. There was implementation of certain industrial policies to foster new industries like automobile industry and plotted out certain schemes for the declining industries like mining. The experts in Business also concentrated on the export economy. The third important factor was the availability of new technologies, which the Japanese people applied for productions and there was no restriction regarding the accessibility of this knowledge resource (Flath ,2014) . The fourth factor is the Japans trading policy, which safeguarded the interests of the domestic market, and there was encroaching export move which enhanced the growth o f the economy (Nakamura, 2015). The fifth most important factor is sustaining Japanese politics and policymaking. Democracy did not mould Japans politics; Liberal Democrats did not change the fate of economy of Japan ( DeGrasse, 2016 ). Rather this Liberal Democrat worked along with the eminent corporate leaders and bureaucrats. The sixth factor is the Iron- Triangle which enabled Japan to make exact decisions and measures for securing the unstable condition of Japan ( Francks Francks, 2015) . Another important feature was that the military security obtained by Japan from the USA. Japans Gross National Product was boosted 73 times from 1951 to 1980. The currency rate Yen of Japan was deliberately kept subsided but it was tripled in the 1980s. There were certain important strategies for which Japan was not only able to recover itself from such a worst condition rather the nation changed its destiny after the post world war. The Japanese government upgraded the business by facilitating loans of low rates to the financial sectors and firms for the improvement in the financial condition of the country (Sugimoto, 2014).The Japanese corporate organizations rented huge amount of money from the banks and the banks fetched this money from the domiciliary savings. MITI tried to bring together all the small companies so that it forms a huge company that can challenge Toyota and Nissan (Choucri, 2013). Japan also snatched credit of founding the Sony Corporation, which has now become a multinational corporation (Lockwood, 2015). The Americans consider Japan as free-rider. The main reason behind this was America spent 5 to 6 percent. of its Gross National Product for the military purpose whereas Japan promised that its military expense would be restricted to only 1 percent. The United States of America would safeguard Japan from military aggression of outside. It is true that after the horrible consequences of this post world war Japan was able to reclaim its economic circumstance due to the combative protection from the USA. However, it does not mean that this was the only cause for Japans prosperity because the people of Japan had enough potential to bounce back the situation (Tsurumi, 2015). Furthermore, USA extended its support for Japan so that the Japanese did not support the Communist ideology (Hook Spanier, 2015). In the end, it can conclude that Japan itself has become a role model for all the countries who have faced or facing social or economic instability. The interesting factor is that USA who had ravaged the whole nation later made an alliance with Japan. This was one of the strategies of the USA to secure its position in the world politics. Japanese people were very much aware of their crisis and they themselves took the responsibility to cure the condition. The Japanese government, the bureaucrats worked earnestly for financial regeneration of the country. The Banks of Japan played a huge role in improving the overall situation of Japan. The Cold War between USA and USSR, which led to the Korean War, also stimulated the monetary explosion of Japan. From the year 1950 to 1980 Japanese companies also manufactured big Corporations which have now become world famous. Inspite of all these achievements, Japan faced critical setback in the 1990s. The period of recession began in the year 1990 and the stock market totally declined. This also occurred due to the rising competitors of four Asian tigers namely Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore. Reference Barnhart, M. A. (2013).Japan prepares for total war: The search for economic security, 19191941. Cornell University Press. Capalbo, S. M., Antle, J. M. (Eds.). (2015).Agricultural productivity: measurement and explanation. Routledge. Choucri, N. (2013).Challenge of Japan Before World War II(Vol. 6). Routledge. DeGrasse, R. W. (2016).Military Expansion, Economic Decline: Impact of Military Spending on United States Economic Performance. Routledge. Flath, D. (2014).The Japanese Economy. OUP Oxford. Francks, P., Francks, P. (2015).Japanese economic development: theory and practice. Routledge. Hook, S. W., Spanier, J. (2015).American foreign policy since World War II. Cq Press. Lockwood, W. W. (2015).State and Economic Enterprise in Japan. Princeton University Press. Nakamura, J. I. (2015).Agricultural production and the economic development of Japan, 1873-1922. Princeton University Press. Sugimoto, Y. (2014).An introduction to Japanese society. Cambridge University Press. Tsurumi, K. (2015).Social change and the individual: Japan before and after defeat in World War II. Princeton University Press. Welfield, J. (2013).An Empire in Eclipse: Japan in the Post-war American Alliance System: A Study in the Interraction of Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy. AC Black.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Statistics matter when it comes to interpreting and understanding medical issues

People visit doctors to obtain nutrition advice from them in order to gain tools that can be used to optimize health. However, it seems that certitude of health cannot be found in this manner. Apparently, all advice sought in this way is regarded as pure conjecture and educated guess work. It seems that numbers and statistics have all the answers to answers aimed towards optimizing health.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Statistics matter when it comes to interpreting and understanding medical issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The interpretation of health tests, treatments and staying well are all based on probability and statistics. An immense measure of statistical appeal in this sense comes from numerous real examples that aid in understanding the underpinnings of health. However, statistics has the likelihood of being misinterpreted which affects attitudes in regards to survival. In his essay, Stephen G ould affirms that statistics matter when it comes to interpreting and understanding medical issues. Through the real life examples he offers, even the most reluctant person is able to see that statistics does play an important part in every area of life. According to him, survival is simply a game of probability. A person can live based on a number of factors that play a part in his or her life. At the same time, he argues that correlation is not always a function of causation. By deftly whisking his audience through the median distributions, he plunges into a lot of regression analysis that separates cause and effect. He also utilizes regression analysis as an engine to explain these two aspects quite clearly. Through this, random statistics can be obtained, which can be used for either good or evil. This apt demonstration of the success or failure of numbers and statistics is useful for interpretation of various issues. Just like statistics, he also cautions that nothing is certai n in this world, but there is also a time for everything to happen. Dunn insists that those who consider statistics useless are rebellious, and they are missing the point in many aspects. It seems that statistics is of central importance in the interpretation of both present and past events. For instance, he says that past statistics can be used to infer a present situation (Dunn n.p.). This is probably why statistics should be given a lot of importance.Advertising Looking for essay on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition to this, statistics motivate and guide both researchers and scholars as they provide the most reliable options. However, Dunn argues that statistics should be handled with a lot of care. This is because some of the information unearthed by statistical evidence can be quite grim. Statistics should be interpreted and understood in the correct way before being dismissed. Dunn further agr ees with Gould that statistics is just like probability. It should not under any circumstance be used to interpret individual preferences or lives. Statistics is but just a range of possibilities or even a chance of certain events occurring. The two essays present a nuanced and sophisticated position that recognizes the necessity of statistics or the lack of it in all aspects of life. Not only do the essays unearth significant positions of critical thinking, but they also offer ethical problems to be corrected in the society. It is evident that most doctors are trained to make the worst interpretations from statistical evidence. They do this without the consideration of differences in individuals, and they can easily mislead patients. This practice of quote mining or quoting out of context is probably what changes attitudes in patients suffering from various chronic diseases. It seems that death is inevitable once this happens. The two authors (Gould and Dunn) advice against this pr actice. The problem is the way human beings interpret statistics and not statistics itself. References Dunn, Steve. â€Å"CancerGuide.† CancerGuide: Cancer Information Page. N.p., Web. Gould , Stephen Jay. â€Å"CancerGuide.† The Median Isn’t the Message. N.p., Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Statistics matter when it comes to interpreting and understanding medical issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Statistics matter when it comes to interpreting and understanding medical issues was written and submitted by user Zayden Tyson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.